Turon (Turon martial art, Single combat Turon, “Turon yakkakurashi”)
Turon is a national sport of Uzbekistan, based on the ancient martial art of Turkic peoples. This sport was formed with modern rules in 1991 by Bahodir Saidov and was included in the official list of Uzbekistan sports in 1992.
Turon is a sport exclusively controlled by the International Turon Federation and regulated by the Rules that establish the conditions, requirements and procedures for holding competitions and participating in them.
The concept of the name of the sport
Meaning of the word “Turon” (the root “Tur”, “Tura”) in ancient languages (Turkish, Persian, Sanskrit) was the concept of hero who is characterized by qualities such as agility, strength, courage. That is what defines the meaning of the name Turon which in its content corresponds to the nature of sport, that is, athletes to achieve high results should have sufficient dexterity, strength and sufficient moral and volitional features.
General characteristics of Turon
Turon combines medical and recreational gymnastics, sports activities and development of moral and spiritual values:
1. Training with Turon is permitted to start for boys and girls aged 5-6 years;
2. The purpose of the Turon is:
a) Promotion of health and physical body building;
b) Increasing of efficiency of the organism and its resistance to aging;
c) The development of intellect, moral and volitional qualities, resistance to bad habits;
d) Improvement of mentality, increasing of self-control ability;
e) Development of logical thinking, memory improvement.
3. The main criteria of the development of physical qualities of athletes in single combat Turon exercises are:
a) Flexibility;
b) Dexterity;
c) Coordination;
d) Jumping;
e) Power;
f) Tolerance;
g) Speed.
4. Turon exercises ensure the strengthening and development of the athlete’s physiological characteristics such as:
a) Functional capacity of the organism;
b) Cardio-vascular system;
c) Musculoskeletal system;
d) of muscle tissues;
e) Nervous system;
f) Of the internal organs and endocrine system.
5. For the development of psycho-physiological qualities of an athlete:
a) Gymnastics and acrobatics;
b) Track and field exercises;
c) Swimming;
d) Sport Games and others are used.
The main focus of the activity
The main focus of the training process on Turon is its sport and competitive orientation, which is realized in the form of preparation and participation of athletes.
1. In the competitions holding:
a) On floor exercise (mashq) which is exercised with a harmonic movement of the hands and feet in conjunction with the movements of other body parts performed at a given speed;
b) At the single combat (jang) which uses technical and tactical arsenal, consisting of – strike (zarba) performed by parts of the body, techniques (usul) after which the position of the opponent’s body changes, or his movement is limited, pain (ogritma) and smothering (bogma) techniques;
c) On all-round – performance athletes in the floor exercise and single combat;
2. In the demonstrations that determine the completeness of the technical arsenal of Turon and level of physical development of athletes.
To avoid injury it is necessary to limit the participation of athletes in competitions in single combat Turon at:
a) The weak acrobatic and gymnastic training;
b) The weak strength training;
c) Low technical and tactical training.
Philosophical Foundations of Turon
Learning the culture of behavor for exercisers of Turon is of great importance, and occupies a dominant place in the educational process. Culture of behavor based on high moral and ethical principles as dignity, justice, goodness, and others trains those who involved in Turon qualities such as honesty, sensitivity and respect for others, high self-discipline.
Spiritual development of athletes in Turon implies training tolerance, understanding, sense of brotherhood, generosity, humanity, justice in them as well as the principles of high morality – purity of intentions, respect of younger and reverence of seniors, high discipline, self-sacrifice, mutual aid, will to achieve higher goals.
Turon as an important means of promoting sports
It is difficult to name athletes who like those exercising Turon would successfully perform equally well at the stadium, on the stage, and in places of public recreation, while demonstrating strength, agility and courage differing by nature and composition of performers.
Athletes exercising single combat Turon are indispensable participants in all sports and folk festivals. Such performances are not only good promotion for sport, but also a means to develop friendly relations among people.
Demonstrations are the brightest moments of single combat Turon where not only the wealth, beauty and entertainment form, but also great skills of athletes is demonstrated. Inspirational performances of athletes have always caused a storm of applause and a lot of inexhaustible warm words are directed at them.
The educational and applied value of Turon
Physical education is primarily aimed at the all-round harmonious development and strengthening of health of people, increase their creative longevity, improve their motional, moral and volitional qualities, for preparation to highly productive labor.
It must be addressed at the training sessions of single combat Turon not only the tasks associated with the development of motional, but also educational characteristics; learning the basics of technique and methods of learning the movements, techniques, methods of insurance and assistance, to acquire knowledge on the effect of all exercises on the organism of trainees.
Applied focus of single combat Turon is of great importance too. The rapid development and wide use of its technical actions is explained as follows:
1. They are an effective means of training and improving the physical, moral and volitional qualities necessary in everyday life, sports and employment;
2. They are unusual and spectacular. Correct posture, relief and harmoniously developed musculature in athletes are formed and the athletes’ actions are characterized with high coordination, courage and beauty of movement;
3. The complexity and variety of motional actions is extremely high. The simplest of these are available to persons of all ages and fitness, and it is not enough, sometimes, the entire period of human sporting activity to master the most complicated ones. Their originality and variety guarantees high interest of trainees, and allows exercising single combat Turon for young men and women with different physical characteristics.
There are a number of professions for which practising single combat Turon is essential vocational and applied significance. Thus, by means of studying single combat Turon actors’ professional preparedness increases as well as stuntmen during the preparation of particularly difficult tricks. Much effort is spent to it in the preparation of specialists working in difficult conditions.
A special sport uniform of Turon
The main sport uniform of single combat Turon is a classic sports special universal form (yahtak), consisting of:
1. Headscarf (peshonabog):
a) It is made from soft cloth of square form in single color – red, blue;
b) Wrapped diagonally and tied to the back of the head so as to cover the forehead and temporal part, while margins of headscarf from the knot should be not more than 5-8cm long;
c) It may have soft gasket not thicker than one centimeter.
2. Shirt (koylak):
a) A shirt of special cut free enough from dense cloth of white, red or blue colors tolerant to rupture from heavy loads, without any edges, bands, etc.;
b) The shirt is worn over the head, covers the lower edge covers the hip joint;
c) Sleeves, while hands are down, above the wrist;
d) The shirt has special slots for threading the belt; lapels below slits are separated;
e) The application on the back the name of single combat “TURON” is obligatory.
3. Wide trousers (ishton):
a) Wide trousers (Ishton) are of special cut free enough from dense cloth of white red or blue color, without any edges, stripes, etc., and also without any signs and symbols which must cover feet.
b) A belt of the wide trousers is three-lined — the first and third rows are on a rubber support, the second row is used for rope-laced garters.
4. Belts (belbog):
a) Of fairly hard sewing not more than 5cm wide;
b) The belt is passed through the slits of the shirt, which are wrapped around the waist twice and tied a double knot in the front, the ends of the belt indents from the knot no more than 20 cm;
c) It is allowed to use belts of white, green, blue, red and black colors.
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Special means of protection
The special protection means intended to prevent injury to athletes during training sessions and performances in competitions held on single combat are as follows:
1. Sport helmet (dubulga) – of a special cut (open or closed form) with the additional soft lining.
2. Sports gloves (qolqop) – of a special cut with the additional soft liner covering only the back of the hands.
3. Sport boots (maxsi) – of a special cut with additional soft lining, without soles, covering half or a quarter part of shins.
There is also a special means of protection intended to prevent injury to athletes include:
1. Special protective device for teeth and gums “mouthpiece.”
2. Special protective devices for shoulders, arms, body and legs.
3. Inguinal bandage of special manufacture.
Special device
Special devices in single combat Turon used during the training sessions for special training of athletes include:
1. Estimation stand for determining the number of completed technical movements;
2. Training dummies (dummy) of various weights.
3. Sports bags of various weights.
4. Sports punching bags of various weights.
5. Sports cushion special handmade.
6. Sports paw.
7. Trainers special handmade.
8. Hand cuffs with fastening for traction.
9. Hand Cuffs with weights of different weights.
10. Cuffs for legs with fastening for traction.
11. Cuffs for legs with weights of different weights.
12. Vest with weights of different weights.
13. Belt with weights of different weights.
14. Manual belt for insurance.
15. Tempo e-meter.
16. Device roller (bearing) to the arms and legs.
17. Other equipment and device contributing to the development and improvement of athletes’ such physical characteristics like flexibility, agility, coordination, jumping ability, strength, endurance and speed.
Also, for the preparation of athletes and for performances in competitions held on the free exercise and demonstrations, special equipment is used:
1. Sports rope (arqon) – made in a special braid of cotton thread or soft synthetic material, has a single-color or a combination of different colors.
2. Sports stick (tayoq) – made of synthetic material or of several layers of different woods having different properties of flexibility, hardness, etc., has the properties of deflection.
3. Sport sword (qilich) – made of metal, synthetic material, etc., should have a handle for holding with two hands.
